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#Clinical instruments quiz code
The Universal Numbering System (UNS) uses Arabic numerals 1 to 32 to specify permanent teeth, beginning with the maxillary right third molar and ending with the mandibular right third molar the International Standards Organization (ISO) TC 106 designation system (also referred to as the International Numbering System) uses a two-digit code the first digit-1 to 4-designates the quadrant in the dentition, clockwise from the upper-right quadrant. (7) Premolars and molars together are considered “posterior” teethģ. (6) The presence, size, and shape of third molars vary greatly
(5) Maxillary molars have three roots mandibular molars have two roots (4) Multi-cusped, with each having a distinct cusp-and-groove pattern (3) Erupt distal to the second primary molars the first mandibular molar is the first permanent tooth to erupt (2) Only teeth that do not replace primary teeth Pit-a sharp, pointed depression generally located at the junction of developmental grooves (fissures) or at their termination the opening of a pit may be narrow or wide but is smaller than a toothbrush bristle pits may be shallow or deep, and their apical descent may be steep or gradual pits in primary teeth are not as deep as those in permanent teethĭ Junction of surfaces-a tooth has curved surfaces therefore, no “corner,” where one surface begins and another ends, is present the transition area is called the line angle area and is named for the surfaces that are involved (e.g., MB, mesiobuccal, DL, distolingual, MO, mesio-occlusal)Į Embrasure-the interproximal space between teeth that begins at the contact area and widens in facial, lingual, occlusal–incisal, and cervical directions functions as a spillway and escapement area by deflecting food and reducing the forces placed on the periodontium during chewing also provides a self-cleaning area the interproximal gingiva fills the cervical embrasure (3) Supplemental groove-a less distinct groove that branches from a developmental grooveį. (2) Developmental groove-groove or line that indicates the primary anatomic divisions (cusps, lobes) of a crown (1) Fissure-structural effect of enamel formation manifested as developmental lines or grooves on the external surface of a tooth the area where the centers of calcification coalesce during tooth development Pulp-innermost noncalcified tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves Dentin-hard calcified tissue surrounding the pulp and underlying enamel and cementum makes up the bulk of the tooth 70% mineralizedĦ. Cementum-bone-like calcified tissue covering the dentin in the root of the tooth 50% mineralizedĥ. Enamel-hardest calcified tissue covering the dentin in the crown of the tooth 96% mineralizedĤ. Root concavity-broad, shallow, vertical depression on the root named by location: mesial, distal, and lingual a concavity located on the furcation side of a root is called a furcal concavityģ. Root trunk-area from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the furcationį. (3) Interfurcal area-area between the roots of a two-rooted or three-rooted toothĮ. (2) Roof of the furcation-most coronal area of the furcation the “ceiling” of a mandibular furcation the base of a maxillary furcation (1) Furcation entrance-area of opening into the furcation
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